Systems and methods for content playback and recording

ABSTRACT

A method for content playback and recording may include using a computer to obtain media content from a recorded medium. Concurrently with obtaining the media content, the method may include reencrypting the encrypted media content using a secondary encryption key and storing the reencrypted media content in a storage device.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.61/073,794, filed Jun. 19, 2008, and U.S. Provisional Application No.61/095,249, filed Sep. 8, 2008, both of which are incorporated herein byreference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to systems and methods for playing and savingdigital media content.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to one embodiment, a method may include using a computer toobtain media content from a recorded medium. Concurrently with obtainingthe media content, the method may include reencrypting the encryptedmedia content using a secondary encryption key and storing thereencrypted media content in a storage device. The method may furtherinclude decrypting the reencrypted media content using the secondaryencryption key to recover the encrypted media content and decrypting theencrypted media content using a primary encryption key to recoverdecrypted media content, both of which may occur concurrently with thestorage of the reencrypted media content. The method may also includeoutputting the decrypted media content to a display device.

The secondary encryption key may be derived from an identifierassociated with the computer. For example, the identifier may be a MACaddress or a disc identifier. In another embodiment, the secondaryencryption key is derived from a license associated with a softwareapplication for outputting the decrypted media content.

In one configuration, the media content is obtained from the recordedmedia at a higher rate than the media content is output to the displaydevice. Thus, the media content may be fully copied from the recordedmedium to the storage device before playback has concluded.

The stored media content may be made available for subsequent playbackwithout the recorded medium. This process may include determining amedia identifier associated with the recorded medium or media content,using the media identifier to obtain metadata relating to the storedmedia content through a network, and associating the metadata with thestored media content in the storage device. In one embodiment, at leasta portion of the metadata is displayable in a user interface to enableselection of the stored media content. Thus, the media content may beobtained from the recorded medium and made available for subsequentplayback without a prior copying step that occurs separate from playbackof the media content.

A system in accordance with the above described embodiment may include areader component to obtain media content from a recorded medium, anencryption component to reencrypt the media content using a secondaryencryption key, and a storage component to store the reencrypted mediacontent. The system may further include a first decryption component todecrypt the reencrypted media content stored in the storage device usingthe secondary encryption key to recover the encrypted media content, asecond decryption component to decrypt the encrypted media content usinga primary encryption key to recover decrypted media content, and aplayback component to output the decrypted media content to a displaydevice. In one embodiment, the obtaining, reencrypting, storing,decrypting, and outputting of the media content are performedconcurrently for at least a portion of the media content.

The system may further comprising a user interface component for makingthe stored media content available for subsequent playback without therecorded medium. In addition, the system may include a metadatacomponent to determine a media identifier associated with the recordedmedium or media content, use the media identifier to obtain metadatarelating to the stored media content through a network, and associatethe metadata with the stored media content in the storage device, whereat least a portion of the metadata is displayable in the user interfaceto enable selection of the stored media content. In one configuration,the first and second decryption components are components of a singledevice or application.

According to another embodiment, a method may include using a computerto obtain media content from a recorded medium. Concurrently withobtaining the media content, the method may include decrypting the mediacontent using a first key, reencrypting the media content using a secondkey, storing the reencrypted media content in a storage device,decrypting the stored media content using the second key, and outputtingthe decrypted media content to a display device.

According to yet another embodiment, a method includes using a computerto detect that a recorded medium including media content has beeninserted into a media reader and copy the media content from therecorded medium to a storage device without a user command to copy themedia content. In one configuration, the computer may retrieve and playback the media content from the storage device in response to a usercommand to play back the media content, where at least a portion of themedia content is played back from the storage device concurrently withthe media content being copied from the recorded medium.

A system in accordance with the above described embodiment may include areader component for detecting a recorded medium being inserted into amedia reader and for copying the media content from the recorded mediumto a storage device without a user command to copy the media content.The system may further include a playback component for playing back themedia content from the storage device in response to a user command,where at least a portion of the media content is played back from thestorage device concurrently with the media content being copied from therecorded medium.

According to still another embodiment, a method may include using acomputer to read media content from a recorded medium, store the mediacontent in a storage device concurrently with reading the media content,and play back the media content from the storage device concurrentlywith storing the media content, where the reading, storing, and playingback of the media content are initiated by a single user command. In oneconfiguration, the single user command may be a command to play back themedia content from the recorded medium.

A system in accordance with the above described embodiment may include areader to read media content from a recorded medium, a storage device tostore the media content concurrently with the reading of the mediacontent, and a playback component to play back the media content fromthe storage device concurrently with the storing of the media content,where the reading, storing, and playing back of the media content areinitiated by a single user command, such as a command to play back themedia content from the recorded medium.

According to yet another embodiment, a method includes using a computerto read media content from a digital versatile disc (DVD) at first rate,store the media content in a hard drive concurrently with reading themedia content, and play back the media content from the hard driveconcurrently with storing the media content. In one implementation, themedia content is played back from the storage device at a second ratethat is lower than the first rate.

The media content may be subdivided on the DVD into one or more cells,with each cell comprising a plurality of sectors. The process of readingthe media content may include incrementing a bad sector counter inresponse to encountering an unreadable sector. The process may alsoinclude clearing the bad sector counter in response to encountering areadable sector.

When the bad sector counter for a cell exceeds a determined thresholdvalue, the process may include marking the cell as a bad cell, such thatsubsequent reading of the cell is not attempted. The process may thenskip to a next cell to continue reading the media content.

A system in accordance with the above described embodiment may include aDVD reader for reading media content from a DVD at first rate, a harddrive for storing the media content concurrently with the reading of themedia content, and a playback device for playing back the media contentfrom the hard drive concurrently with the storing of the media content,where the media content is played back from the hard drive at a secondrate that is lower than the first rate.

According to another embodiment, a method includes using a computer toread blocks of media content starting from a first location of arecorded medium. Concurrently with reading the media content, the methodmay include storing a copy of each block read from the recorded mediumin a storage device, marking which blocks of the recorded medium havebeen stored in a data allocation map, and playing back the media contentfrom the storage device.

In response to copying the last block of the media content or inresponse to playback being terminated by the user, the method mayinclude reading and storing a copy of each block of the recorded mediumthat has not been marked in the data allocation map as being stored inthe storage device.

In one configuration, the method may include receiving a user command toskip to reading media content from a second location of the recordedmedium. In response to the data allocation map indicating that a firstblock at the second location has not been stored, the method may repeatthe reading, storing, marking, and playing back steps starting from thesecond location. In response to the data allocation map indicating thata first block of the second location has been stored, the method mayinclude playing back the media content corresponding to the secondlocation of the recorded medium from the storage device.

A system in accordance with the above described embodiment may include areader component to read blocks of media content starting from a firstlocation of a recorded medium. The system may further include a storagedevice to store a copy of each block read from the recorded mediumconcurrently with the reading of the media content. The storage devicemay also be used to store a data allocation map for marking which blocksof the recorded medium have been stored. In one configuration, thesystem also includes a playback component to play back the media contentfrom the storage device concurrently with the reading and storing of themedia content.

According to still another embodiment, a method includes using acomputer to detect that a recorded medium has been provided to a mediareader and, without further user interaction, determine a mediaidentifier for the recorded medium. The method may also include usingthe media identifier to determine whether media content from therecorded medium has been previously stored. In response to the mediacontent having not been stored, the method may obtain metadata for themedia content from a metadata provider based on the media identifier andprompt a user with at least a portion of the metadata. In response to auser command to play the media content, the method may read mediacontent from the recorded medium, store the media content in a storagedevice concurrently with reading the media content, and play back themedia content from the storage device concurrently with storing themedia content.

According to yet another embodiment, a method may include using acomputer to copy a first content item from a first recorded medium, copya second content item from a second recorded medium, and determinerespective media identifiers for the first and second recorded mediums.The method may also include using the respective identifiers to obtainmetadata for the first and second content items, determine a groupassociation for the first and second content items from the metadata,and represent the first and second content items as a group in a userinterface. While playing back the first content item, and uponnavigating beyond a last portion of the first content item, the methodmay include navigating to a first portion of the second content itemwithout user input.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a system for playing andsaving content;

FIG. 2 is one embodiment of a user interface according to the teachingsof this disclosure;

FIG. 3A is another embodiment of a user interface according to theteachings of this disclosure;

FIG. 3B is another embodiment of a user interface according to theteachings of this disclosure;

FIG. 4A is one embodiment of a user interface for displaying informationrelated to a content item and/or group of related content itemsaccording to the teachings of this disclosure;

FIG. 4B is one embodiment of a user interface for displaying metadataassociated with a content item according to the teachings of thisdisclosure;

FIG. 5 is one embodiment of a user interface for playing a content itemaccording to the teachings of this disclosure;

FIG. 6A is one embodiment of a user interface for organizing contentitems according to the teachings of this disclosure;

FIG. 7 is one embodiment of a user interface to allow a user to selectone of a plurality of content item versions;

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of a method for recording acontent item;

FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of a method for securing arecorded content item;

FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of a method for preventingunauthorized playback of a recorded content item; and

FIG. 11 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of a method for detecting abad.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system 100 for playing and savingcontent. The system 100 may include a computing device 101, which mayinclude, but is not limited to, a desktop personal computer (PC); atablet PC; a laptop or notebook computer; an ultra-portable computer; asmart phone; a media center or set top box (STB); an entertainmentconsole, such as a Microsoft® XBOX 360®, Sony® Playstation3®, or thelike.

The computing device 101 may include a display 102, one or more inputdevices 103, and a media reader 104. The one or more input devices 103may include a keyboard, touch screen, touchpad, voice input, mouse,track ball, or any other input mechanism known in the art. The mediareader 104 may be configured to read media content (e.g., video and/oraudio data) from a recorded medium, such as Compact Disc (CD) media,Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) media, Blu-Ray® media, solid-state memorydevice (e.g., flash drive) or the like. The computing device 101 mayinclude and/or be communicatively coupled to storage media 105, whichmay include one or more solid state discs, hard drives, optical drives,or other types of storage media. As illustrated, the storage media 105may be local to the computing device 101 or may be accessed remotely viaa network.

Although not shown in FIG. 1, the computing device 101 may furtherinclude a processor, a memory comprising an operating system and othersoftware (not shown), a video subsystem (not shown) to control theoperation of the display 102, audio output circuitry (not shown),additional storage and/or network connections (not shown), and the like.

A content playback application 110 may run in conjunction with thecomputing device 101 (e.g., the computing device 101 may include and/orbe communicatively couple to a device, such as the storage media 105,comprising computer-readable instructions defining the application 110).

The content playback application 110 includes a user interface module111, which may be configured to display content on the display 102and/or receive user input via the input devices 103. The user interface111 may allow a user (not shown) of the computing device 101 to controlthe operation of the application 110. Various embodiments of the userinterface 111 are described in additional detail below in conjunctionwith FIGS. 2-7.

The user interface module 111 may be communicatively coupled to a readermodule 112, which may be configured to read content from the mediareader 104 of the computing device 101. Alternatively, or in addition,the reader module 112 may be configured to read content from externalmedia sources over a network 120 using a communications module 115. Thecontent playback application 110 may be configured to record the mediacontent stored on a recorded medium (e.g., DVD disc) automatically upondetecting insertion of the recorded medium into the media reader 104.The recording may begin automatically and/or without user input.Alternatively, or in addition, the content playback application 110 maybe configured to wait to record the content item until instructed to doso.

As used herein, a content item may refer to any content stored on arecorded media (e.g., DVD disc) and/or transmitted over a network.Accordingly, a content item may refer to media content, such as videocontent, audio content, text content, and the like. In some embodiments,a content item may comprise interactive content, such as a Flash® game,executable code, a presentation (e.g., a PowerPoint® presentation),interactive media, and the like.

The network 120 may include any communications network known in the artincluding, but not limited to, a Transmission Control Protocol/InternetProtocol (TCP/IP) network, the Internet, a Local Area Network (LAN), aWide Area Network (WAN), a wireless network, or the like.

The content read by the reader module 112 may include multimediacontent, such as a DVD movie or the like. The content items 117A, 117B,and so on read by the reader module 112 may be stored in the storagemedia 105. As will be discussed below, the reader module 112 may beconfigured to utilize the security and licensing module 116 to encryptor otherwise protect the stored content items 117A-117B to preventunauthorized distribution and playback thereof.

A metadata module 113 may be configured to obtain metadata related toone or more of the content items 117A-117B read by the reader module112. The content items 117A-117B read by the reader 112 may includemetadata content, such as a title, table of contents, credits listing,plot synopsis, or the like. This information may be obtained and/orprocessed by the metadata module 113. Alternatively, or in addition, themetadata module 113 may be configured to derive a media identifierassociated with a particular content item 117A-117B. The identifier maybe generated using various properties of the content item (e.g., thecontent item title, table of contents, and the like), and/or may includeproperties of the media associated with the content item (e.g., a discidentifier or the like).

After generating the media identifier, the metadata module 113 may beconfigured to obtain additional metadata related to the content itemfrom a remote metadata provider 122. The remote metadata provider 122may be accessible via the network 120 using the communications module115. Alternatively, or in addition, the storage media 105 may include adatabase (not shown) or other data store comprising metadata informationkeyed to media identifiers. The database (not shown) may be installed aspart of the content playback application 110 or another application (notshown).

After obtaining the metadata from the remote provider 122 or anothersource, the metadata module 113 may be configured to store the metadatain the storage media 105. The metadata 118A-118B may be stored inconjunction and/or association with a respective content item 117A-117B.In some embodiments, metadata 118A-118B associated with a content item117A-117B may be used to organize the content item 117A-117B in a userinterface. For instance, the metadata 118A and/or 118B may indicate thatthe content items 117A and 117B are related and, as such, may be groupedtogether. For example, the metadata 118A and 118B may indicate that thecontent items 117A and 117B both comprise episodes of the same season ofa particular television series, and, as such, may be organized into agroup (e.g., in a user interface display or the like). In someembodiments, the metadata of a group of content items may be combined.For example, the metadata associated with a group of content itemscomprising episodes of a particular television series may be combinedinto a single set of metadata. The combined metadata may be relevant toeach of the content items in the group. The combined metadata mayprovide for convenient, seamless browsing and/or playback within thegroup. For example, if the content items each comprise a different setof episodes of a television series, the combined metadata may comprise alisting of all of the episodes available through the application. Insome embodiments, the combined metadata may provide for seamlessnavigation between related content items. For instance, after completingplayback of a first content item in a group, playback may continue atthe beginning of a second content item in the group. For example, thefirst content item may comprise episodes 1-4 of a television series andthe second content item may comprise episodes 5-8. As a user completesthe playback of episode 4 (or navigates to a “next” chapter) of thefirst content item, the navigator 114 may continue playback at episode 5of the second content item and so on.

As will be discussed below, in some embodiments, the stored metadata 118may be user-editable. Accordingly, the metadata 118A-118B stored in thestorage media 105 may be changed by a user (not shown) of the contentplayback application 110 via the user interface 111. Similarly, themetadata module 113 may be configured to query the remote metadataprovider 122 periodically for updates to the stored metadata 118A-118B.Such updates may include enhancements, corrections, or other changes tothe metadata associated with a particular content item. Upon detectingan update, the metadata module 113 may be configured to update themetadata 118A-118B stored in the storage media 105. The updating mayfurther comprise transmitting any user-generated content and/oruser-submitted changes to the metadata to the metadata provider 122. Theuser-generated content may include, but is not limited to:user-submitted metadata tags, user-submitted ratings, user-submittedreviews, descriptions, and the like. In some embodiments, the metadataprovider 122 may be configured to incorporate user-generated contentprovided by one or more users and/or distribute the user-generatedcontent to other users of the application.

A navigator module 114 may be configured to provide access to variousportions of a particular content item 117A-117B. The user interface 111may receive one or more commands from a user of the playback application110, instructing the application 110 to display a particular portion ofa content item 117A-117B. For example, a user of the content playbackapplication 110 may instruct the application 110, through the userinterface 111, to display a particular chapter of a DVD movie contentitem and/or fast forward to a particular point within the content item.Responsive to this request, the user interface 111 may instruct thenavigator module 114 to obtain the portion of the content item requestedby the user. Accordingly, the navigation module 114 may be configured toread the content items 117A-117B and/or parse the structure of thecontent items 117A-117B. As will be discussed below, the playbackapplication 110 may be configured to play back recorded content, ratherthan reading the content directly from the media reader 104. If thenavigator 114 requests a portion of a content item that has not yet beenrecorded and/or stored in the storage media 105, the navigator 114 mayinstruct the reader 112 to begin recording at the requested locationand, after the recorder has begun storing the content item, thenavigator may access the content from the storage media 105.

The navigation module 114 may use the metadata 118A-118B to provide fornavigation within and/or between related content items 117A-117B. Forexample, and as discussed above, the content items 117A and 117B maycomprise episodes of a particular television series. The content item117A may comprise episodes 1-10 and the content item 117B may compriseepisodes 11-20. If a user navigates from episode 10 of the content item117A to a “next” context item (e.g., submits a “next chapter” navigationcommand to the navigator 114), the navigator 114 may be configured tonavigate to episode 11 on content item 117B. In another example, themetadata 118A and 118B may indicate that the content items 117A and 117Bare related, but are not organized into episodes. For instance, thecontent items 117A and 117B may represent DVD discs of a two DVD discset and/or may be two related DVD modes (e.g., the content item 117A maycomprise Star Wars: Episode 1 and the content item 117B may compriseStar Wars: Episode 2). In this case, as the user finishes playback ofthe content item 117A (or navigates beyond the last chapter of thecontent item 117A), the navigation module 114 may be configured tonavigate to a first chapter of the content item 117B.

In some embodiments, the content items 117A-117B stored in the storagemedia 105 may be encrypted using one or more security keys. For example,DVD movie content is typically encrypted using a content scramblingsystem, such as CSS. As will be discussed below, the content playbackapplication 110 may include a security and licensing module 116 capableof reading content encrypted using CSS and/or another encryption and/orsecurity scheme. The security and licensing module 116 may be configuredto decrypt and/or unscramble content items 117A-117B requested by othermodules within the application 110 (e.g., by the navigator module 114and/or user interface 111) to allow those modules access to the contentitems 117A-117B.

Since the content items 117A-117B may be stored on the storage media 105in an encrypted or otherwise secured state, the content items 117A-117Bmay be protected from unauthorized playback and/or export from theapplication 110. Alternatively, or in addition, in some embodiments, thesecurity and licensing module 116 may be configured to add additionalsecurity measures to protect the content items 117A-117B. As will bediscussed below, the security and licensing module 116 may re-encryptthe content items 117A-117B using a key derived, for example, from thecomputing device 101 (e.g., a hardware identifier, such as a disc ID,MAC address, or the like) and/or a key derived from a license associatedwith the content playback application 110. The additional securitymeasures may prevent the content items 117A-117B of a first user on afirst computing device 101 from being transferred to and/or played backby a second user using a second computing device 101. Similarly, theadditional security measures may prevent the content items 117A-117Bfrom being made available to other users via a network or tounauthorized and/or unlicensed instances of the playback application110.

In some instances, the security and licensing module 116 may validatelicensing and/or rights to the content items 117A-117B using a licensingand security service 121 accessible via a network. For example, thesecurity and licensing module 116 may validate a license of the playbackapplication 110, may query a digital rights management (DRM) system onthe licensing and security service 121 to determine whether a particularuser should be granted access to a particular stored content item117A-117B, and the like.

The content playback application 110 may be configured to allow a userto view a particular content item on physical media (e.g., on a DVD discinserted in the media reader 104) while concurrently caching the contentitem in the data storage media 105 for subsequent playback. In this way,a user may develop a library of content items (e.g., content items117A-117B) while simultaneously viewing the content items, and, as such,the user need not engage in a separate step to cache the content items117A-117B on the data storage media 105 (e.g., since the content items117A-117B are stored as the user views the respective content items).

Most media readers 104 are capable of reading media faster than itsplayback speed. For instance, DVD disc readers are typically capable ofreading data at 4× to 16× (four (4) to sixteen (16) times playbackspeed). Accordingly, the reader 112 may be capable of recording thecontent item in the data storage media 105 before the viewer is finishedviewing the content item. The reader module 112 may be configured toread the content item using the media reader 104 at a high rate (e.g.,16× playback speed), while the navigator 114 and/or user interface 111modules provide for concurrent playback at a standard playback rate(e.g., 1×).

Similarly, content obtained via the network 120 from a remote contentprovider 124 may be obtained at faster than viewing speed. As such,streamed or downloadable content may be recorded in the data storagemedia 105 similarly to disc-based media.

As a user instructs the navigator 114 (via the user interface 111) todisplay various portions of a particular content item, the reader 112and/or navigator 114 may determine whether the requested content hasbeen cached in the data storage media 105. If the content has beencached, the navigator may access the requested content in the storagemedia 105 and make the content available to the user interface 111 fordisplay to the user. If the content is not cached in the storage media105, the navigator may instruct the reader 112 to “skip ahead” in themedia reader 104 and/or network stream from the remote content provider124 to the requested content. The reader 112 may then resume caching thecontent item at the offset indicated by the user. In this case, thereader 112 may be configured to track the portions of the content item117A-117B that have been cached and those that have not, e.g., in a dataallocation map (DAM) or the like. In this case, after the reader 112caches the portion of the content item requested by the user, it may beconfigured to cache the skipped portions of the content item in the datastorage media 105.

As discussed above, the metadata module 113 may be configured to obtainmetadata related to stored content items 117A-117B from a contentprovider 124. In addition, the metadata module 113 and/or user interface111 may access a ratings service 123 to allow users to submit and/oraccess ratings of content items 117A-117B. In one embodiment, thelicensing/security service 121, metadata provider 122, rating service123, and content provider 124 may be the same entity or differententities.

FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of a user interface 200 of a contentplayback application according to the teachings of this disclosure. Theinterface 200 includes an application frame 205, which may include awindow, frame, or any other user interface element known in the art. Thenature of the application frame 205 may vary depending upon an operatingsystem and/or user interface toolkit used to implement the interface200. For example, under Microsoft Windows®, Windows Forms® and/orWindows Presentation Foundation (WFC) elements may be used.Alternatively, the interface 200 may be implemented as an Adobe® Flashapplication, Microsoft Silverlight®, web browser components, or thelike.

The application frame 205 includes a display area 210 upon which theuser interface elements may be displayed. The interface of FIG. 2 may bedisplayed the first time the interface 200 is invoked and/or before theapplication has cached any content items (e.g., movies, TV episodes, orthe like) for the user. Accordingly, the interface may display a messagearea 212, prompting the user to insert a disc comprising a content item(e.g., a DVD disc, Blu-Ray® disc or the like) to begin using theapplication. Alternatively, or in addition, the message area 212 mayprompt the user to browse to and/or input a Uniform Resource Indicator(URI), from which a content item may be obtained via a networkconnection, such as a streaming video service or the like. In theseembodiments, the interface 200 may include links to one or more partneronline video services, which may provide content to users via theapplication 200.

As shown in FIG. 2, a media status indicator 250 may show that no discis currently inserted into the one or more media readers accessible tothe application. The interface 200 may further include an ejectioncontrol 252 to eject media inserted into the reader.

FIG. 3A shows one embodiment of a user interface 300 according to theteachings of this disclosure. The interface 300 of FIG. 3A may bedisplayed responsive to a user inserting a disc into the computingdevice and/or providing a URI comprising a downloadable and/or streamingcontent (e.g., responsive to user interface 200 of FIG. 2).

The display area 210 of the application frame 205 may include a display320 comprising a graphical image or other identifier associated with thecurrently inserted disc and/or remote (e.g., downloadable and/orstreamable) content. The display 320 may include a graphicalrepresentation of the content item (e.g., movie, television program, orthe like, such as an image of a cover of a DVD movie). The image shownon the display area 320 may be obtained by a metadata module or othercomponent from a remote and/or local metadata database. Alternatively,or in addition, the image displayed in the display area 320 may beobtained from the inserted disc and/or remote content source.

The display area 210 may further include a metadata display area 330,which may display metadata relating to a content item. The metadatadisplayed in the area 325 may include, but is not limited to, a plotsynopsis of the content item, a brief description of the content item,the actors featured in the content item, the director of the contentitem, the publisher of the content item, and the like.

As discussed above, the application may have previously cached othercontent items. These available content items may be displayed inrespective display areas 325A-325D on the display area 210. The displayareas 325A-325D may include reduced size (e.g., thumbnail) graphicalimage of the content item (e.g., a reduced size image of a DVD cover ofa movie).

As discussed above, content items may be grouped together using, interalia, metadata associated with the content items. One or more of thedisplay areas 325A-325D may be adapted to display a group of contentitems. In the FIG. 3A example, an indicator 326 is overlaid on thedisplay area 325C. The indicator 326 may be used to indicate thatdisplay area 325C represents a group of related content items. Forexample, the display area 325C may represent a set of DVD discscomprising episodes of a particular television program, a set of relatedmovies (e.g., Star Wars: Episode 1, Star Wars: Episode 2, and so on), amulti-disc DVD movie, or the like. Selection of the display area 325Cmay provide access to all of the content items in the particular group.FIG. 6A provides an example of an interface adapted to display a groupof content items (elements 610A and 610B), as well as another example ofa display area comprising an indicator that the display area refers to agroup of content items. See element 325C of FIG. 6A.

The display area 210 may include a filter control 315. The filtercontrol 315 may allow a user filter the available content itemsdisplayed within the display area 210 based on one or more criteria,such as a genre, Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) rating,television content rating, age appropriateness, language, review rating,or the like.

The display area 210 may also include a display control 317, which maybe used to modify the way the available content display areas 325A-325Dare displayed within the display area 210. For example, the availablecontent display areas 325A-325C may be arrayed in a grid pattern, asshown in FIG. 3A. Alternatively, the control 317 may cause the contentdisplay areas 325A-325D to be displayed as a list (as shown in FIG. 3B)or in some other arrangement.

A status display 250 may provide an indication that media is currentlyinserted into a media reader accessible to the application and an ejectcontrol 252 may allow a user to eject the disc therefrom. A completionindicator 354 may show how much of the content item has been recorded.As shown in FIG. 3A, before beginning playback and/or recording acontent item, the indicator 354 may show that recording is 0% completed.

The display area 210 may further include controls 340, which may includea play and record control 341. Selection of the play and record control341 may cause the application to begin recording and playing theselected content item (e.g., the content item inserted in the mediareader of the computing device and/or at the URI provided by the user).Alternatively, or in addition, recording may begin automatically uponinsertion of a recorded medium into a media reader. As the content itemis presented in the display area 210, the application may simultaneouslyrecord the content item for future playback. The recording may beperformed concurrently with the playback (e.g., the content item may berecorded as it is presented to the user). As described above, theapplication may be configured to record the content to a storage media(e.g., disc or other storage media) accessible to the application. Theapplication may be configured to playback the recorded content item(e.g., the content item stored on the disc or other storage media),rather than playing the content item directly from the DVD disc (orother content item source). The application may be configured to recordthe content item at a high rate (e.g., 16× playback speed), whileproviding for playback of the content item at a standard playback rate.

The play and record control 341 may be configured to receive a singleinput from a user. The input may cause the application 205 to beginrecording and playing a content item. In addition, the play and recordcontrol 341 may make a plurality of options available to the user via amenu 342. The menu 342 may be invoked by selecting a particular regionand/or icon on the play and record control 341. The options presented onthe menu 342 may include, but are not limited to, an option to access amenu feature of a content item (e.g., a DVD main menu); an option tobegin playing a movie content item (e.g., skipping the DVD main menu);an option to select one of a plurality of content item chapters; anoption to select one of a plurality of content item bookmarks; and thelike.

Selection of the option to select one of a plurality of content itemchapters may cause a menu 344 to be displayed, which may include alisting of one or more chapters (or other content delimiters) of thecontent item. Selection of the option to select one of a plurality ofbookmarks may cause a menu 346 to be displayed, which may include alisting of one or more user created bookmarks to be displayed. As willbe discussed below, the application may allow a user to create bookmarkswithin a content item. The menu 348 may allow a user to jump directly tosuch bookmarks.

In some embodiments, the contents of the menu 342 may be modifiedaccording to the type of content item selected in the application 205.The FIG. 3A embodiment illustrates one example of menu items applicableto a DVD movie content item. However, one skilled in the art wouldrecognize that other menu item 342 entries would be useful for othercontent item types (e.g., television episodes or the like). One exampleof a menu 342 adapted to display entries relevant to a television seriesis described below in conjunction with FIG. 3B.

FIG. 3B shows another embodiment of a user interface 301 according tothe teachings of this disclosure. In the FIG. 3B example, the availablecontent item displays 327A-327D may be presented on the display area 210in a list format. The list displays 327A-327D may include a title of therespective content items and/or a brief description of the contentitems. In some embodiments, the list displays may include a thumbnailimage (not shown) representing the respective content items.

One or more of the content item displays 327A-327D may be adapted toindicate that the display 327A-327D refers to a group of content items(e.g., plural DVD-discs). In the FIG. 3B example, display 327C includesan indicator 326, which may be used to indicate that the display 327Crefers to a group of content items. As shown in FIG. 3B, the indicator326 may specify the number of DVD discs comprising the group (e.g.,“4-disc set”).

In the FIG. 3B embodiment, selected the content item may refer to acontent item group (e.g., the display 327C may be selected). Asdiscussed above, a content item group may comprise episodes of atelevision series, which may span plural DVD discs. The menu 342 mayinclude options relevant to the selected television series. For example,the menu 342 may include an episode list menu 348, which may allow auser to navigate to one of a plurality of episodes in the televisionseries. As discussed above, a television series may span multiple DVDdiscs. However, the menu 348 may aggregate all of the episodes in theseries, regardless of the DVD disc boundaries (e.g., the menu 348 maynot be restricted to displaying only the episodes on a particular DVDdisc, but may display all of the episodes of the television seriesavailable through the application 205).

Selection of an input associated with a particular content item or groupof content items (e.g., selecting display area 320 and/or one of thedisplay areas 325A-325D) may cause the application 205 to displayadditional information about the selected item.

FIG. 4A shows one embodiment of a user interface 400 for displayinginformation about a particular content item and/or content item group.The display area 210 may include a navigation control 419, which may beused to navigate to a content item-listing interface, such as the userinterface 300 and/or 301 of FIGS. 3A and/or 3B. The display 210 mayinclude controls 340. For example, a play control 343 may provide forplaying back a selected portion of the content item. Additionalcontrols, such as a delete control (not shown) for deleting the contentitem (e.g., from the storage media 105), an edit control (not shown) toedit the name and/or image associated with the content item, and thelike may also be provided.

The display area 210 may include a display 428 comprising metadatarelated to the content item (e.g., a rating, run time, and/ordescription of the content item and/or content item group). The metadatamay be associated with a single content item (e.g., a single DVD movie)and/or may comprise metadata associated with a group of content itemsspanning multiple recorded mediums (e.g., multiple DVD discs). In someembodiments, the display 428 may include an input 429, the selection ofwhich may cause an expanded view of the metadata to be displayed. Oneexample of an expanded metadata display is described below inconjunction with FIG. 4B.

A list interface 431 may provide access to various portions of thecontent item. For example, if the content item is a DVD movie, theinterface 431 may include a menu selection, chapter selections, and thelike. If the content item comprises a television series, the interface431 may include a listing of the television series episodes. Theepisodes listed in the interface 431 may span multiple DVD discs.

Although not shown in FIG. 4A, the display 210 may further comprise arating interface (not shown), the selection of which may allow the userto submit a rating of the content item, an update interface (not shown),the selection of which may cause the application 205 to transmit arequest to a metadata provider (e.g., the metadata provider 122 ofFIG. 1) for updated metadata, and the like.

The application 205 may be in the processes of caching a content item. Aprogress indicator 254 on the display 210 may show the status of therecording processes. In the FIG. 4A example, the progress bar shows that38% of the content item has been recorded. If no DVD disc is currentlyinserted and/or has already been fully backed up, components 250, 252,and/or 254 may be omitted. As discussed above, in some embodiments, theapplication 205 (and/or the content playback application 110 of FIG. 1)may be configured to begin recording a content item automatically (e.g.,upon detecting insertion of a DVD disc into a media reader).

FIG. 4B shows one embodiment of a user interface 401 for displayingadditional metadata information related to a content item. The displayarea 210 of FIG. 4 may include a navigation control 419, which may beused to return the user to a content item-listing interface, such as theuser interface 300 and/or 301 shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B.

The display area 210 may further include a metadata display and editingarea 432, which may display various metadata items associated with thecontent item, including, but not limited to, content item title,publication year, content item genre, content item run time, descriptionof the content item, tags associated with the content item, a categoryof the content item, content item credits, content item rating, and thelike.

The content item metadata and editing area may include one or more editcontrols 433, 434, 435, and 436. Selection of one of the controls 433,434, 435, and 436 may allow a user to add, delete, and/or modifymetadata. The edit control 433 may allow the user to add, delete, and/ormodify tags associated with the content item. The tags may includedescriptive terms associated with the content item. A category editcontrol 434 may be used to add, delete, and/or modify a category appliedto the content item (e.g., horror, action, children, etc.)

An edit control 435 may be provided to allow users to add, delete,and/or modify an organization of the content item within other contentitems available to the application. In some embodiments, content itemsmay be organized into groups comprising multiple content items. Thegroups may be automatically detected from the nature of the content item(e.g., by detecting that the content item is part of a particular seriesof content items) and/or the groupings may be manually created by auser. For example, a plurality of “Lord of the Rings” content items(e.g., DVD movies) may be organized into a “Lord of the Rings” seriescomprising a “Fellowship of the Ring” content item, a “The Two Towers”content item, and/or a “The Return of the King” content item. Similarly,a content item grouping may include content items of a televisionprogram series (e.g., content items comprising one or more episodes ofone or more seasons of a television or other program). The content itemsin a group may span multiple recorded medium discs (e.g., multiple DVDdiscs). Content item groupings may be determined automatically based onmetadata associated with the content items. For example, content itemsthat are part of the same television series may be automatically groupedtogether. Alternatively, or in addition, content item groups may becreated manually. For example, a user may create custom groupscomprising any number of content items (e.g., a “favorite sciencefiction movies” group, a “romantic comedies” group, and so on).

The edit control 436 may allow users to add, remove, and/or modify theorganization of various content items within such groupings. Althoughnot shown in FIG. 4, the edit interface invoked by the edit control 436may include a hierarchical tree view of the content items available inthe application, which may allow users to move the content items withinthe hierarchy as desired. However, any group-editing interface could beused under the teachings of this disclosure.

An edit control 436 may allow users to add, remove, and/or modify userbookmarks associated with the content item. As discussed above, acontent item may include a one or more user provided bookmarks demarkingparticular locations within the content item. The edit control 436 mayallow a user to access a listing 437 of the bookmarks of a particularcontent item. The listing 437 may be editable to allow a user to changethe name, description, and/or other attributes of the bookmarks.

A control 438 may be provided to cause the application to update themetadata information displayed in the metadata display and edit area432. As discussed above, in some embodiments, metadata may be obtainedfrom a remote and/or third party metadata provider. The metadataavailable from the provider may be enhanced over time. Selection of thecontrol 438 may cause the application to query and/or obtain anyavailable metadata updates from the provider. Upon updating, themetadata display and edit area 432 may be updated to show any changes.

A rating input 439 may be provided to allow a user to submit and/or viewratings of the content item. User ratings provided via the input 439 maybe submitted to a metadata provider 122, ratings service 123 and/orcontent provider 124 (shown in FIG. 1) The ratings of other users may beaggregated and displayed in the metadata display and edit area 432. Insome embodiments, the ratings of content items submitted by a particularuser may stored and/or analyzed by a service (rating service, metadataprovider, or the like) for use in a recommendation engine to suggestcontent items, which may be of interest the user.

As shown in FIG. 4B, the user may have already begun playing and/orrecording the content item. Accordingly, the progress indicator 254 mayshow the recording progress of the content item (the progress bar showsthat 38% of the content item has been recorded). Alternatively, if nophysical media is present (e.g., no DVD disc is inserted in the reader104) and/or if the content items has already been fully recorded, thecomponents 250, 252, and/or 254 may be omitted from the display 210.

The user interface 400 includes a control area 340, which may include aplay and record control and/or resume play and record control 342. Theresume play and record control 342 may be displayed if the user hasalready begun the playing and/or recording the content item. Selectionof the input 342 may cause the application to resume playing the contentitem where the user left off. In addition, the application may resumerecording the content item. Alternatively, the application 205 may beconfigured to continue recording the content item while playback ispaused. Although not shown in FIG. 4, the resume play and record input342 may provide various play options similar to those shown in FIG. 3Aand FIG. 3B including, but not limited to, an option to resume playingfrom the beginning of the content item, resume playing at a menu of thecontent item, playing at a particular chapter of the content item,playing at a particular bookmark of the content item, or the like.

Selection of the resume play and record control 342 and/or the controls341 of FIGS. 3A and/or 3B may cause the application to playback thecontent item. FIG. 5 shows one embodiment of a user interface 500 forplaying back content according to the teachings of this disclosure.

The display area 210 of the interface 500 includes a content displayarea 570, which may be used to display the content item. The displayarea 210 may further include a progress indicator 481 showing the user'sprogress through the content item and a navigation component 419 toreturn the user to a content selection interface, such as the interfaces300 and 301 of FIGS. 3A and 3B and/or interface 400 of FIG. 4.

Playback controls 480 may be provided to allow a user to control theplayback of the content item. The playback controls may include, but arenot limited to a pause control, a fast forward control, a fast reversecontrol, a chapter skip forward control, a chapter skip reverse control,a stop control, a record control, bookmark navigation controls, and thelike. As discussed above, the operation of the playback controls 480 maybe informed by the metadata associated with content item to allow forseamless navigation within a group of related content items. Forexample, a chapter skip forward command during playback of a lastchapter of a first content item may skip to a first chapter of a secondcontent item in the group and so on.

A bookmark control 482 may be provided, which may allow a user to createa bookmark at a selectable point within the content item. Selection ofthe bookmark control 482 may cause an edit control 483 to be displayedto receive a bookmark title and/or description from the user.

A record clip control 484 may be used to allow a user to record portions(e.g., clips) of the content item. The recorded clips may be storedseparately from the content item recording discussed above. In someembodiments, the clips may be limited in length, screen resolution,sound quality, and the like. In addition, in some embodiments, contentprotection (e.g., encryption and the like) may be removed from the clipsrecorded using the input 484.

Similarly, although not shown in FIG. 5, a snap shot control may beprovided, which may allow a user to capture a screenshot (e.g., stillimage) of the content item display area 570.

As discussed above, the application may be configured to group and/orarrange content items in various ways. In some embodiments, moviecontent items that are part of a series may be grouped together.Similarly, content items forming part of a television series may begrouped together. FIG. 6A shows one embodiment of a user interfaceconfigured to display content item groupings.

In the FIG. 6A embodiment, an available content item display 325C may bemodified to show that it represents a plurality of content items. Otherexamples of such modifications are discussed above in conjunction withFIGS. 3A and 3B (e.g., using an indicator 326). As shown in FIG. 6A, thedisplay 325C has been modified to appear “stacked,” which may indicatethat the content item represented by the display 325C corresponds toplural DVD discs (e.g., a group of content items, such as a televisionseries, related DVD movies, or the like). However, any modification tothe display 325C known in the art could be used under the teachings ofthis disclosure. For example, the indicia displayed on the display 325Cmay indicate that 325C represents a content item grouping, the contentitem display 325C may be displayed in bold and/or having a shadow, orthe like. As discussed above, FIGS. 3A and 3B provide additionalexamples of such indicia.

In some embodiments, selection of the display 325C may cause a groupcontent item control to be displayed. Two examples of a group contentitem control are shown in FIG. 6A as element 610A and 610B. FIG. 6Ashows the elements 610A and/or 610B displayed in conjunction with theinterface 600. In other embodiments, however, the elements 610A and/or610B could be displayed in separate, independent interfaces (not shown).

The group content item control 610A may include a group title toidentify the content item group (e.g., the “Lord of the Rings Trilogy”).In some embodiments, the title may be based upon metadata associatedwith the content item(s). Alternatively, or in addition, the title maybe provided and/or edited by a user of the application 205.

The group content item control 610A may include a plurality of contentitem displays 612A-612B. Each of the content item displays 612A-612B maycorrespond to a content item within the group (e.g., one DVD disc).Although not shown in the 610A example, one or more of the content itemdisplays 612A-612B may refer to another group. For example, the groupcould comprise episodes of a particular television series. The contentitems within the group (e.g., 612A, 612B, and so on), may representrespective seasons of the television program (e.g., Lost season 1, Lostseason 2, and so on), which each may comprise a plurality of contentitems (e.g., plural episodes spanning multiple DVD discs).Alternatively, a DVD movie disc within a set of related movies maycomprise multiple content items. For instance, the “Fellowship of theRing” content item may comprise multiple DVD discs.

Selection a group content item display (e.g., 612A or 612B) may causeanother group content item display similar to 610A to be presented. Forexample, as described above, an extended edition of a DVD movie, such asthe “Fellowship of the Ring” that is within a “Lord of the Rings” groupmay itself span multiple DVDs. As such, the content item displayassociated with the “Fellowship of the Ring” content item (e.g., display612A) may also refer to a content item group. Selection of the displaymay cause another group content item display (not shown) to bepresented.

In the content item group control 610B example, the content item groupmay be organized into one or more sub-groups 613B and 615B. Some contentmay be naturally arranged into an organization comprising groups andsub-groups. For example, a group comprising television program contentitems may be arranged into groupings based on a season of the televisionprogram and one or more episodes and/or DVDs within respective seasons.For instance, in the 610B example, the group 610B may include episodesof “Lost.”

The sub-group control 613B may include content from the first season of“Lost” and may be entitled “Season 1.” The content items within thesub-group control 613B may include DVDs and/or episode listings614A-614B of the first season of “Lost.” Similarly, the second sub-groupcontrol 615B may include content from the second season of “Lost” andmay be entitled “Season 2.” The content items within the sub-groupcontrol 615B may include DVDs and/or episode listings 616A-616B of thesecond season of “Lost”

FIG. 7 is one embodiment of a user interface 700 for selecting anappropriate set of metadata for a particular content item. As discussedabove, in some embodiments, the application 205 may be configured toobtain metadata from a remote metadata provider accessible via a network(e.g., metadata provider 122 of FIG. 1). In other embodiments, a localmetadata provider may be used (e.g., metadata may be provided in storagemedia accessible to the application). In some embodiments, theapplication 205 may be configured to query a metadata provider to obtainmetadata therefrom using a media identifier. The media identifier may bederived from properties and/or attributes of the content item and/ormedia associated with the content item, such as the content item title,filename, table of contents, run time, or the like. The media identifiermay be transmitted to the metadata provider in a request for metadatainformation. In addition, the media identifier may be transmitted toother services that require uniquely identifying a particular contentitem (e.g., content item ratings services or the like).

Existing media types (e.g., CDs and DVDs) may be used in conjunctionwith identification systems and/or services provided by a metadataservice, such as AMG®, Gracenote®, or the like. These services may takeadvantage of structural features related to the physical media on whichcontent item is stored (e.g., the encoding of the content item on themedia). For instance, such systems may compute or compile a number,string, XML file or other record or encoding based on and/or comprisingstructural information about the content item, such as a number oftracks, titles, start times and/or locations, length, and otherstructural metadata. This information is often derived from the table ofcontents, which may be found encoded in or otherwise associated with thephysical media. The resulting data (e.g., number, string, XML, or otherrecord or encoding) is associated with known content encodings in adatabase. Such systems, however, may recognize two different discs asbeing the same if the discs merely have the same structure (which mayoccur, for example, when one disc structure is used as the template fora set of discs, each of which inserts different content within thestructure) or if the resulting number, string, XML file or other recordor encoding is sufficiently similar to that of another content encoding.

Other systems may utilize audio fingerprinting or similar properties ofthe media and/or content item to characterize a content itemindependently of such structural information. However, such systemsoften require processing a large amount of data.

Various media types, such as CDs, DVDs, and other encodings of contentoften include a checksum and/or disc identifier, which may be derivedfrom the binary data recorded on the media. Examples of such checksumsinclude the output of cyclic redundancy check (CRC) functions, whichoften are designed to output a 32-bit integer which may be used as adata (or other) integrity check.

In some embodiments, a unique media identifier may be derived from thechecksum found in association with the content encoding and thestructure and/or label information found in or otherwise associated withthe physical media of a particular content item. This unique mediaidentifier may comprise a combination of information items, such as aconcatenated string or other data type comprising the checksum, contentencoding, content structure, and/or content item label. Alternatively,the media identifier may be derived by computing a hash of theinformation using a hashing algorithm, such as SHA1, MD5, or the like.In this case, the checksum, content encoding, structure, and/or labelinformation may be input into the hashing algorithm that may produce aunique data value of fixed size.

In some embodiments, a hash of other content item properties may be usedas a media identifier. For example, the media identifier may becalculated by hashing a number, string, XML file or other record orencoding based on and/or comprising a number of tracks, titles, starttimes and/or locations, length, and other metadata (which may or may notinclude a checksum found in association with the content encoding) ofthe content item.

As discussed above, a media identifier and/or supplemental mediaidentifier may be calculated by performing a hash of a number, string,XML file or other record or encoding based on and/or comprising a numberof tracks, titles, start times and/or locations, length, and othermetadata (which may or may not include a checksum found in associationwith the content encoding) associated with the content item to produce anumber or string. The media identifier may be of fixed length, while theinput to the hashing function used to generate the identifier (e.g., thenumber, string, XML file or other record or encoding) may be ofarbitrary length.

The media identifier may be communicated to a metadata provider or otherservice (e.g., the metadata provider 122 of FIG. 1), which may perform alookup and/or other search operation using the media identifier and/orusing information derived or decoded from the media identifier. In someembodiments, the original data (e.g., XML metadata) used to generate themedia identifier hash value may be determined (e.g., using a lookup orother means), and transmitted to the metadata provider. This may allowthe metadata provider or other service to associate the media identifier(or XML metadata content) with known (or otherwise characterized)content encodings in a database. Communicating the media identifierand/or associated XML content may comprise appending the mediaidentifier data (or encoding thereof) to a GET Uniform Resource Locator(URL) in a Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) communication session.The media identifier and/or information derived or decoded therefrom maythen be used as a database key, a search parameter, a key into adictionary data structure, as an identifier in a URL for web datarequest, or the like etc.

After identifying the content item, the metadata provider, or otherservice, may be capable of providing relevant metadata to theapplication. Similarly, other types of services (e.g., a ratings serviceor the like), may be able to associate user ratings and/or obtain userratings associated with the content item.

However, in some cases, the metadata provider or other service may beunable to uniquely identify the content item using the media identifier.This may be due to the fact that the metadata provider or other serviceis not capable of consuming a media identifier comprising sufficientlyunique information (e.g., the metadata provider or other service mayonly be capable of looking up content encodings using title and/or tableof contents information). This may cause naming collisions betweensimilar content items. For instance, some content items may have manyvarious similar versions. For instance, a particular DVD movie may havea “special edition,” a “collector's edition,” an “extended edition,” andthe like. Each of the DVD versions may have a similar title and/or tableof contents. Accordingly, a simplistic media identifier may be incapableof uniquely identifier the particular content item the user possesses.

In this case, the metadata provider may be configured to transmit adisambiguation request to the user, which may allow the user to selectone of a plurality of content items versions. Responsive to theselection, the metadata provider and/or application may obtain themetadata associated to the selection.

FIG. 7 is one embodiment of a user interface 700 for displaying adisambiguation request according to the teachings of this disclosure.The interface 700 may include a disambiguation control 760, comprising aplurality of content item version displays 762A-762B. Each of thedisplays 762A-762B may correspond to a possible match to the selectedcontent item (e.g., identified by the selected content item display320). In addition, metadata associated with each respective content itemversion may be displayed at 763A-763B. The metadata displays 763A-763Bmay assist the user in selecting the appropriate content item version.

FIG. 7 also shows additional controls 644 and 645. The control 644 mayallow a user to rename a content item (e.g., change the title of thecontent item as stored by the application or the like). The control 645may delete the content item.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of a method for playing andrecording a content item. At step 805, the method may be initialized,which may include allocating and/or initializing resources required bythe method 800, such as memory, data storage locations, networkconnections, and the like.

At step 810, a user may be prompted to provide a content item to themethod 800. This may include inserting a disc, such as a DVD, into amedia reader accessible to the method 800. Alternatively, or inaddition, step 810 may include providing a URI or other identifier fromwhich the content item may be downloaded and/or streamed.

At step 815, the method 800 may access the media via a media readerand/or network connection.

At step 820, a media identifier associated with the content item may becalculated. As discussed above, the media identifier may be encoded intothe media and/or network stream associated with the content item.Alternatively, or in addition, the media identifier may be derived fromattributes of the content item, such as a title of the content item, atable of contents of the content item, a digest and/or signature of thecontent item data, or the like.

At step 825, the method 800 may determine whether the content item (or aportion of the content item) associated with the identifier has beenpreviously recorded. This may include searching for a record of themedia identifier in a database, file storage location, or the like. Ifthe content item has not been previously accessed, or a record of thecontent item has been deleted, the flow may continue to step 830;otherwise, the flow may continue to step 840.

At step 830, metadata associated with the content item may be obtained.In some embodiments, the method 800 may be configured to query a remotemetadata provider to obtain metadata related to the content item. Inthis case, the method 800 may request metadata from a remote metadataprovider using the media identifier calculated at step 820 using anetwork or some other communications means. The remote metadata providermay respond to the query with the metadata and/or with a disambiguationrequest, if the provider is unable to uniquely identifier the contentitem using the information provided by the method 800. Thedisambiguation request may prompt to select one of a plurality ofpossible content item matches. One example of a user interface forpresenting such a disambiguation request is described above inconjunction with FIG. 7. After selecting one of the content items, theremote metadata provider may transmit the metadata to the method 800.

The metadata obtained at step 832 may be stored at step 832. The storageof step 832 may associate the metadata with the media identifier and/orthe recorded content item.

At step 834, a data allocation map (DAM) of the content item may bedetermined. The DAM may include a data structure describing the datalayout of the content. Some types of content items have a defined datastructure. For example, a DVD disc may include a plurality of sectorsarrayed within one or more cells. Similarly, a content item transmittedvia a network via a protocol, such as, BitTorrent or the like mayinclude a plurality of contiguous “chunks.” The DAM may include acorresponding data structure to allow the method 800 to track whichportions of the content item have recorded and which have not.

At step 836, the user may be prompted to begin recording the contentitem. In some embodiments, the method 800 may not begin recording thecontent item until instructed to do so by the user. In otherembodiments, the method 800 may begin recording the content item as soonas it is inserted into a media reader and/or accessible via a network.If the user subsequently ejects the media and/or indicates that he/shedoes not wish to record the content item, the recording stored by themethod 800 may be removed.

At step 840, a DAM associated with the content item may be accessed. TheDAM may indicate which portions (if any) of the content item have notbeen recorded. If the entire content item has been recorded, the flowmay terminate; otherwise, the flow may continue to step 842.

At step 842, the user may be prompted to resume recording and/or playingand recording the content item. If the user elects to resume recording,the method 800 may resume recording the content item according to theDAM. That is, the method 800 may record only those portions that the DAMindicates are lacking.

FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of a method for securingrecorded content item to prevent unauthorized playback and/or sharing ofa recorded content item. At step 905, the method 900 may be initialized,which may include allocating resources and/or initializing resourcesrequired by the method 900.

At step 910, a content item may be read and recorded substantially asdescribed above in conjunction with FIG. 8. In many cases, the contentitem recorded at step 910 may be scrambled using an encryptionalgorithm, such as CSS, AACS, BD+, or the like. Authorized readers ofsuch content may include a primary key allowing the reader to decryptthe content item for playback. These keys may be hard coded or otherwiseobscured to prevent unauthorized decryption and/or dissemination of thecontent item.

At step 915, the encryption on the content item may be retained.Accordingly, the recording stored on the storage media by the method 900may be encrypted as if it were still on its original media (e.g., on thedisc).

At step 920, a secondary encryption key may be generated. Thisencryption key may be derived from various parameters of the method 900.For example, the encryption key of step 920 may be derived from and/orrelated to a license key of the method 900. Alternatively, or inaddition, the secondary encryption key may include information tied to aparticular computing device on which the method 900 is executed. Suchinformation may include one or more hardware identifiers of thecomputing device, such as a fixed disc identifier, a media accesscontrol (MAC) address of a network interface associated with thecomputing device, or the like. Alternatively, or in addition, the keymay be hard coded into the method 900. In this case, the licensingand/or hardware identification information may be encoded into a digitalsignature or other data filed within the recorded content item. As willbe discussed below, the secondary encryption key of step 920 may be usedto control and/or restrict the playback of the recorded content item tothose users who are authorized to access the content item.

At step 925, the secondary encryption key may be used to encrypt thecontent item. The encryption key generated at step 920 may be asymmetric key. Accordingly, the encryption of step 925 may include astream cipher, such as RC4, Blowfish, or the like. Alternatively, thesecondary encryption key may include an asymmetric key and/or maysupport the use of other cipher types and/or a digital signature.Although examples of various key and cipher types as discussed herein,one skilled in the art would recognize that the teachings of thisdisclosure may be practiced using any key type in conjunction with anycipher type known in the art.

At step 930, the content (encrypted using the original contentprotection encryption, as well as the secondary encryption of step 925)may be stored in a storage location accessible to the method 930. Thestorage location may include a fixed disc (e.g., hard disc) asolid-state disc, a network accessible storage location (e.g., cloudstorage), or any other data storage location known in the art.

The encryption of steps 915 and 925 may prevent unauthorized access tothe content item. FIG. 10 depicts one embodiment of a method 1000 foraccessing a content item stored according to the teachings of thisdisclosure (e.g., stored using method 900 of FIG. 9).

At step 1005, the method 1000 may be initialized, which may includeallocating and/or initializing resources required by the method 1000.

At step 1010, a request for a content item may be received. The requestmay include a media identifier and/or an offset within the content item(e.g., a chapter identifier, an episode, a bookmark, or the like).

At step 1015, the content item and/or a DAM associated with the contentitem may be obtained from a storage location accessible to the method1000. As discussed above, the storage location may include any datastorage means known in the art. The method 1000 may lookup the contentitem using the media identifier within the request received at step1010.

At step 1020, the method 1000 may determine whether content item hasbeen recorded and/or whether the portion of the content item requestedby the user is available. If so, the flow may continue to step 1040;otherwise, the flow may continue to step 1030.

At step 1030, the user may be prompted to insert the content item media(e.g., DVD disc or the like) and/or provide a URI from which the contentitem may be obtained. This may allow the method 1000 to obtain thecontent item for playback. After receiving access to the content item,the content item may be recorded at step 1035 substantially as describedabove.

At step 1040, the recorded content item may be accessed. As discussedabove, the content item may be stored in a storage location accessibleto the method 1000, such as a hard disc, memory, a database, a networkaccessible storage location, or the like. The content item may besecured to prevent unauthorized access and/or playback to the contentitem. In some embodiments, the content item may be encrypted using adata content protection scheme, such as CSS, AACS, BD+, or the like. Asdiscussed above, the recording may preserve any original encryption onthe content item. In addition, and as described above, the content itemmay be encrypted using a secondary encryption key. At step 1042, thesecondary encryption key may be accessed.

In some embodiments, the secondary encryption key may include and/or betied to a license to the method 1000. The license may associate aparticular instance of the method 1000 with a particular user and/or thecontent items recorded by the user. The licensing scheme may preventother users from accessing the content items recorded by the user. Insome cases, the licensing scheme may allow a user to access recordedcontent item using a pre-determined number of computing devices.Computing devices may be registered with a licensing server (not shown).At step 1050, the method 1000 may determine whether the licenseassociated with the instance of the method 1000 corresponds to a licenseassociated with the content item. If so, the flow may continue to step1060; otherwise, the flow may continue to step 1055.

At step 1055, the user may be informed that he/she is not authorized toaccess the content item. If the license and/or content item indicatethat additional computing devices may be authorized to access thecontent, the user may be prompted to “activate” the 1000 methodinstance. If the user elects to do so, the user may be allowed to accessthe content item at step 1060; otherwise, the flow may terminate.

At step 1060, the content item may be decrypted using the secondaryencryption key. In addition, at step 1060, any content item protectionmay be removed using the primary key (e.g., the CSS or BD+ encryptionmay be removed). The decrypted (e.g., clear text) content may beprovided for playback at step 1065.

In an alternative embodiment, the primary key is used to decrypt thecontent item prior to being recorded in step 1035. In such anembodiment, step 1060 only decrypts the content item using the secondarykey.

In some cases, a user may begin playback and/or recording of a contentitem, but stop the recording before completion. In this case, the DAMmay be used to resume recording where the user left off. One embodimentof a method to provide this capability is method 800 described above.

To further improve recording efficiency, the application may beconfigured to determine which portions of the content item includeplayback content and which do not. For example, one or more media“cells” within the media may include one or more damaged or otherwiseunreadable sectors, also referred to herein as “bad” sectors. Each ofthe bad sectors may cause the recording process to time out waiting forthe bad sector to be copied. These successive timeouts may cause therecording process to fail or take a long time.

In some embodiments, the reader module (such as the reader module 112 ofFIG. 1) may be configured to detect bad sectors on the media. Upondetecting bad sectors, the recording process may skip ahead in the mediaand/or stream to “good” data to thereby continue recording the contentitem.

FIG. 11 is one embodiment of a method 1100 for correcting errorsintroduced by bad cells.

At step 1105, the method 1100 may be initialized, which may includeallocating and/or initializing resources required by the method 1100,such as accessing a DVD media reader or the like.

At step 1110, the content item may be read from the media reader. Atstep 1115, a bad sector within the media may be encountered. In the 1100embodiment, the media may include a DVD disc that is organized into oneor more cells, wherein each of the cells includes a plurality ofsectors. The method 1100 may be configured to use a counter approach.Bad sectors may or may not be indicative of a bad cell such that therecan be a threshold number of consecutive bad sectors in a cell. As such,the method 1100 may keep a running count of bad sectors within aparticular cell. If more than the threshold number of bad sectors withina particular cell are detected, the method 1100 may determine that thecell is a bad cell, and may skip the cell.

At step 1115, the method 1100 may determine whether the current sectoris a “bad sector” (e.g., a sector that cannot be read and/or causes themedia reader to time out). If the sector is bad, the flow may continueat step 1130; otherwise, the flow may continue to step 1120.

At step 1120, a bad sector counter may be cleared. This may preventseparate and/or non-contiguous bad sectors on the media from triggeringa bad cell detection.

At step 1130, the bad sector counter may be incremented. At step 1135,the bad sector counter may be compared to a threshold value. In someembodiments, the threshold value may be ten (10), which corresponds toan observed maximum number of bad sectors that may not indicate a badcell. Alternatively, or in addition, the threshold value of step 1130may be user-selectable. If the counter value exceeds the threshold, theflow may continue to step 1140; otherwise, the flow may continue to step1130.

At step 1140, the method 1100 may determine that the bad sector iscontained within a bad cell. As such, the method 1100 may skip the celland continue reading the media at the next cell at step 1110.

The above description provides numerous specific details for a thoroughunderstanding of the embodiments described herein. However, those ofskill in the art will recognize that one or more of the specific detailsmay be omitted, or other methods, components, or materials may be used.In some cases, operations are not shown or described in detail.

Furthermore, the described features, operations, or characteristics maybe combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. It willalso be readily understood that the order of the steps or actions of themethods described in connection with the embodiments disclosed may bechanged as would be apparent to those skilled in the art. Thus, anyorder in the drawings or Detailed Description is for illustrativepurposes only and is not meant to imply a required order, unlessspecified to require an order.

Embodiments may include various steps, which may be embodied inmachine-executable instructions to be executed by a general-purpose orspecial-purpose computer (or other electronic device). Alternatively,the steps may be performed by hardware components that include specificlogic for performing the steps, or by a combination of hardware,software, and/or firmware.

Embodiments may also be provided as a computer program product,including a computer-readable medium having stored instructions thereonthat may be used to program a computer (or other electronic device) toperform processes described herein. The computer-readable medium mayinclude, but is not limited to, hard drives, floppy diskettes, opticaldiscs, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, ROMs, RAMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic oroptical cards, solid-state memory devices, or other types ofmedia/machine-readable medium suitable for storing electronicinstructions.

As used herein, a software module or component may include any type ofcomputer instruction or computer executable code located within a memorydevice and/or transmitted as electronic signals over a system bus orwired or wireless network. A software module may, for instance, includeone or more physical or logical blocks of computer instructions, whichmay be organized as a routine, program, object, component, datastructure, etc., that perform one or more tasks or implements particularabstract data types.

In certain embodiments, a particular software module may includedisparate instructions stored in different locations of a memory device,which together implement the described functionality of the module.Indeed, a module may include a single instruction or many instructions,and may be distributed over several different code segments, amongdifferent programs, and across several memory devices. Some embodimentsmay be practiced in a distributed computing environment where tasks areperformed by a remote processing device linked through a communicationsnetwork. In a distributed computing environment, software modules may belocated in local and/or remote memory storage devices. In addition, databeing tied or rendered together in a database record may be resident inthe same memory device, or across several memory devices, and may belinked together in fields of a record in a database across a network.

It will be understood by those having skill in the art that many changesmay be made to the details of the above-described embodiments withoutdeparting from the underlying principles of this disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: using a computer to performthe steps of: reading encrypted media content from a recorded medium,the encrypted media content being subdivided on the recorded medium intoone or more cells, each cell comprising a plurality of sectors, whereinreading the encrypted media content comprises: tracking failed attemptsto read one or more sectors of a particular cell in a bad sectorcounter, including: in response to encountering an unreadable sector,incrementing the bad sector counter for the particular cell; and inresponse to encountering a readable sector, clearing the bad sectorcounter for the particular cell; in response to the bad sector counterexceeding a threshold value for the particular cell: marking theparticular cell as a bad cell, such that subsequent copying of theparticular cell is not attempted; clearing the bad sector counter; andskipping to a next cell to continue reading the encrypted media content;and concurrently with reading the encrypted media content: copying theencrypted media content from the recorded medium, not including cellsthat have been marked as a bad cell; reencrypting the copied encryptedmedia content using a secondary encryption key; and storing thereencrypted media content in a storage device.
 2. The method of claim 1,further comprising: concurrently with storing the reencrypted mediacontent: decrypting the reencrypted media content using the secondaryencryption key to recover the encrypted media content; decrypting theencrypted media content using a primary encryption key to recoverdecrypted media content; and outputting the decrypted media content to adisplay device.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the secondaryencryption key is derived from an identifier associated with thecomputer.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the identifier comprises aMAC address.
 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the identifier comprisesa disc identifier.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the secondaryencryption key is derived from a license associated with a softwareapplication for outputting the decrypted media content.
 7. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the recorded medium comprises a digital versatile disc(DVD).
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the media content is obtainedfrom the recorded media at a higher rate than the media content isoutput to the display device.
 9. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising making the stored media content available for subsequentplayback without the recorded medium.
 10. The method of claim 9, whereinmaking the stored media content available comprises: determining a mediaidentifier associated with the recorded medium or media content; usingthe media identifier to obtain metadata relating to the stored mediacontent through a network; and associating the metadata with the storedmedia content in the storage device, wherein at least a portion of themetadata is displayable in a user interface to enable selection of thestored media content.
 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the mediacontent is obtained from the recorded medium and made available forsubsequent playback without a prior copying step that occurs separatefrom playback of the media content.
 12. A method comprising: using acomputer to perform the steps of: reading media content from a recordedmedium, the media content being subdivided on the recorded medium intoone or more cells, each cell comprising a plurality of sectors, whereinreading the media content comprises: in response to encountering anunreadable sector, incrementing a bad sector counter for a current cellcontaining the bad sector; in response to encountering a readablesector, clearing the bad sector counter; and in response to the badsector counter exceeding a determined threshold value: marking thecurrent cell as a bad cell, such that subsequent copying of the currentcell is not attempted; and skipping to a next cell to continue readingthe media content; and concurrently with reading the media content:decrypting the media content using a first key; reencrypting the mediacontent using a second key; copying the reencrypted media content, notincluding cells that have been marked as a bad cell, to a storagedevice; decrypting the copied media content using the second key; andoutputting the decrypted media content to a display device.
 13. A systemcomprising: a reader component to read encrypted media content from arecorded medium, the encrypted media content being subdivided on therecorded medium into one or more cells, each cell comprising a pluralityof sectors; a bad sector counter, comprising a processor couple tomemory, to track bad sectors in each cell, the bad sector counterconfigured to: increment the bad sector counter for the current cell inresponse to encountering an unreadable sector; and clear the bad sectorcounter for the current cell in response to encountering a readablesector; wherein in response to the bad sector counter exceeding athreshold value for a current cell, the reader component is configuredto: mark the current cell as a bad cell, such that the reader componentdoes not subsequently attempt to copy the current cell; and skip to anext cell to continue obtaining the encrypted media content; a securityand licensing code stored on a memory device to: copy the encryptedmedia content, not including cells that have been marked as a bad cell;and reencrypt the copied encrypted media content using a secondaryencryption key; a storage component to store the reencrypted mediacontent in a storage device; the security and licensing module furtherto: decrypt the reencrypted media content stored in the storage deviceusing the secondary encryption key to recover the encrypted mediacontent; and decrypt the encrypted media content using a primaryencryption key to recover decrypted media content; and a playbackcomponent to output the decrypted media content to a display device,wherein the obtaining, reencrypting, storing, decrypting, and outputtingof the encrypted media content are performed concurrently for at least aportion of the encrypted media content.
 14. The system of claim 13,wherein the secondary encryption key is derived from an identifierassociated with the computer.
 15. The system of claim 14, wherein theidentifier comprises a MAC address.
 16. The system of claim 14, whereinthe identifier comprises a disc identifier.
 17. The system of claim 13,wherein the secondary encryption key is derived from a licenseassociated with a software application for outputting the decryptedmedia content.
 18. The system of claim 13, wherein the recorded mediumcomprises a digital versatile disc (DVD).
 19. The system of claim 13,wherein the encrypted media content is obtained from the recorded mediaat a higher rate than the decrypted media content is output to thedisplay device.
 20. The system of claim 13, further comprising a userinterface component to make the stored media content available forsubsequent playback without the recorded medium.
 21. The system of claim20, further comprising a metadata component to determine a mediaidentifier associated with the recorded medium or media content, use themedia identifier to obtain metadata relating to the stored media contentthrough a network, and associate the metadata with the stored mediacontent in the storage device, wherein at least a portion of themetadata is displayable in the user interface to enable selection of thestored media content.